<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<ArticleSet>
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>ejsss</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND STRATEGIC STUDIES</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN/>
      <EISSN/>
      <Volume-Issue>Volume 2, Issue 2</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>Aug-Sep 2021</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>2021</Year>
        <Month>09</Month>
        <Day>20</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>International Relations</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>The Rise of Indo- Pacific: Responses the Quad and ASEAN</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>211</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>228</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Md Ruhul</FirstName>
          <LastName>Amin</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
          <FirstName>Dr Tharishini</FirstName>
          <LastName>Krishnan</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI>10.47362/EJSSS.2021.2211</DOI>
      <Abstract>Due to geo-economic, geopolitical, and geostrategic importance, the Indo-Pacific has appeared as the centre of gravity in world politics for the 21st century. The Indo-Pacific is a geo-strategic term used to the extent of the diplomatic relation in Indian and the Pacific Ocean countries based on the common values, free and rule-based ‘Free and Open Indo-Pacific’ (FOIP) and the term has been used recently. Before that the term Asia Pacific had been used for over decades, and geographical idea moves to a geopolitical context by using the Indio-Pacific (Scott, 2013). The confluence of the ‘Pivot policy’ of the USA, Indian`s ‘Act East policy’, the Quad and free and Open Indo-pacific (FOIP), as well as ASEAN`s East Asia policy have resulted in a new international security framework and institutional mechanism in Indo-Pacific. Here geography unifies into the geopolitics where global and regional superpowers like China, India or middle powers like Australia, Japan, and other ASEAN counties have shaped their geo-strategy through bilateral and multilateral engagement in different arena, economic, diplomatic and, military to counter China`s territorial expansion strategy of BRI in Indo-Pacific. The main objectives of the article are to understand geo-strategic complexity in Indo-Pacific because of China`s geostrategic expansion policy over the region and the responses by regional and global superpowers to counter China`s influence through coalition diplomacy and strategy. This research is entirely based on secondary sources.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>Indo-Pacific,FOIP,China,the US,India,Japan,Australia and,ASEAN</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://ejsss.net.in/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=13284&amp;title=The Rise of Indo- Pacific: Responses the Quad and ASEAN</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References>ARIANA KING, Nikkei staff writer. 2018. "US answers Belt and Road with own Indo-Pacific investment plan." NIKKEI ASIEAN REVIEW, 7 31. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/US-answers-Belt-and-Road-with-own-Indo-Pacific-investment-plan.&#13;
&#13;
Ashraf, Junaid. 2017. "String of Pearls and China’s Emerging Strategic Culture." Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad 37 (4): 166-181. Accessed 5 12, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/48537578.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_search%252Fcontroland;refreqid=excelsior%3A9f662c760905ff212919af3ded991dca.&#13;
&#13;
Basu, Titli. 2020. "Where India fits in Japanand;#39;s Indo-Pacific strategy." The Japan Times, 1 21. Accessed 15 5, 2020. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2020/01/21/commentary/japan-commentary/india-fits-japans-indo-pacific-strategy/#.XvwHKdpR3IV.&#13;
&#13;
BBC News. 2016. "Why is the South China Sea contentious?" 7 12. Accessed 6 3, 2020. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-13748349.&#13;
&#13;
Breweter, David, ed. 2018. Mananging Maritime Competion between Indian and China. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.&#13;
&#13;
Brewster, David. 2018. Indian and China at Sea Compettion for Naval Dominance in The Indian Ocean. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.&#13;
&#13;
Carney, Thomas. 2014. "Maritime Security/Strategy: Focus on the Indo-Pacific." Edited by Henrick Z. Tsjeng Euan Graham. S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies 10-15. Accessed 6 6, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep05903.6.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_search%252Fcontroland;refreqid=excelsior%3A5c45068db3cf1af42019c592f1c195b0.&#13;
&#13;
Chaturvedy, Rajiv Ranjan. 2017. The 21st century Maritime Silk Road. Observer Research Foundation. https://www.orfonline.org/research/the-21st-century-maritime-silk-road/.&#13;
&#13;
deloitte.com. 2018. "Deloitte Insights." https://www2.deloitte.com. 2 12. https://www2.deloitte.com/us/en/insights/economy/asia-pacific/china-belt-and-road-initiative.html#endnote-sup-3.&#13;
&#13;
Demir, Emre. 2018. "The “Indo-Pacific” – Regional Dynamics in the 21st." Rising Power in Global Governance 3 (2): 45-65.&#13;
&#13;
Haidar, Suhasini. 2019. "The Hindu." The Costliest Pearl – China’s Struggle for India’s Ocean’ review: Countering China in the Indian Ocean, 10 4. https://www.thehindu.com/books/books-reviews/the-costliest-pearl-chinas-struggle-for-indias-ocean-review-countering-china-in-the-indian-ocean/article29594409.ece.&#13;
&#13;
Hardy, Ane M. 2019. "Australia’s Role in the Indo-Pacific." Indo-Pacific Defence Forum, 11 11. Accessed 6 5, 2020. https://ipdefenseforum.com/australias-role-in-the-indo-pacific/.&#13;
&#13;
HARUKO, WADA. 2020. "THE “INDO-PACIFIC” CONCEPT: GEOGRAPHICAL ADJUSTMENTS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS." S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies 320: 1-28. Accessed 6 21, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep24283.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_SYC-5187%252Ftestand;refreqid=excelsior%3A134a69e1ec8af6b4605498b7b11bb199.&#13;
&#13;
Hand;iacute;jar-Chiapa, Miguel Alejandro. 2018. Navigating Dangerous Waters: Australia and. Vol. 3, in The “Indo-Pacific” – Regional Dynamics in Gravitythe 21st Century’s New Geopolitical Center of, by Brendon J. Cannon and; Ash Rossiter, 164-165. Rising power Quarter. Accessed 5 17, 2020. https://www.academia.edu/37811701/The_Indo-Pacific_Regional_Dynamics_in_the_21st_Centurys_New_Geopolitical_Center_of_Gravity.&#13;
&#13;
Isa, Tan Sri Rastam Mohd. 2018. "Cooperation and Competition in the Asia-Pacific, ASEAN and the Superpower Dynamics Dilemma." Journal of International Relations and Sustainable Development 11: 90-103. Accessed 8 23, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/48573497.&#13;
&#13;
Ishida, Yasuyuki. 2018. China-India-Japan in the Indo-PacificIdeas, Interests and Infrastructure. Edited by Jagannath P. Panda and Titli Basu. New Delhi.: Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses.&#13;
&#13;
Ji, You. 2008. The Indian Ocean and Chinaand;#39;s Naval Build-up. China and the Indian Ocean Region. Edited by Ravi Vohra and P.K. New Delhi: National Maritime Foundation:.&#13;
&#13;
JOHNSON, JESSE. 2020. "U.S. Navy sails warship near disputed islands in South China Sea for first time in 2020." The Japantimes, 1 28. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2020/01/28/asia-pacific/us-navy-warship-disputed-islands-south-china-sea-first-2020/#.Xk12AZhR3IV.&#13;
&#13;
Kaura, Vinay. 2016. "India-Japan Relations and Asiaand;#39;s Emerging Geopolitics." Indian Journal of Asian Affairs 19 (1): 17-38. Accessed 5 25, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/44123127.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_SYC-5187%252Ftestand;refreqid=excelsior%3A77e4f9f35601930ed9067fcee7f7b6ae.&#13;
&#13;
KOGA, KEI. 2019. "Japan’s “Free and Open Indo-Pacific” Tokyo’s Tactical Hedging and the Implications for ASEAN." Contemporary Southeast Asia (ISEAS - Yusof Ishak Institute) 41 (2): 286-313. Accessed 8 23, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26798855.&#13;
&#13;
Koldunova, Ekaterina. 2019. "Russia and the Turbulent Waters of the Indo-Pacific." Edited by Ron Huisk. Council for Security Cooperation in the Asia Pacific 1-4. Accessed 5 12, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep22260.7.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_search%252Fcontroland;refreqid=excelsior%3A5cfb24a4340263412e34085d3d1a96bb.&#13;
&#13;
Lieberthal, Kenneth G. 2011. "The Brookings Institution." The American Pivot to Asia, 12 11. Accessed 6 3, 2020. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/the-american-pivot-to-asia/.&#13;
&#13;
Macquarie, Lee. 2015. "INDIA AS NATION OF CONSEQUENCE IN ASIA: THE POTENTIAL AND LIMITATIONS OF INDIA`S ACT EAST POLICY." Institute for National Security Strategy 67-102. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43685236.&#13;
&#13;
Mohan, Rory Medcalf and C. Raja. 2014. "Responding to Indo-Pacific rivalry:: Australia, India and middle power coalitions." Lowy Institute for International Policy 1-27. Accessed 6 2, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep10182.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3Ab8f7bfcd064419255af35f86e59ae257.&#13;
&#13;
Mukhopadhyay, Jayita. 2018. India in the New World Order The Changing Contours of Her Foriegn Policy under Narendra Modi. Edited by Raj Kumar Kothari. New Delhi: Atlantic Publication Limited.&#13;
&#13;
Oba, Mie. 2019. "ASEAN’s Indo-Pacific Concept and the Great Power Challenge,." Rising tensions between the U.S. and China complicate ASEAN’s vision for the region, 7 17. Accessed 8 23, 2020. https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/aseans-indo-pacific-concept-and-the-great-power-challenge/.&#13;
&#13;
Observer Research Foundation. 2020. Anchoring the Indo-Pacific: The Case for Deeper Australia–India–Indonesia Trilateral Cooperation. New Delhi: The Lowy Institute and Center for Strategic and International Studies. Accessed 6 4, 2020. https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Anchoring_the_Indo-Pacific.pdf.&#13;
&#13;
Olsen, Edward A. 1987. "The Maritime Strategy in the Western Pacific." Naval War College Review (U.S. Naval War College Press) 4 (4): 38-49. Accessed 5 20, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/44637687.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_search%252Fcontroland;refreqid=excelsior%3A3b278e7d59bda6301d9409c238ba57be.&#13;
&#13;
Pehrson, Christopher J. 2006. "STRING OF PEARLS: MEETING THE CHALLENGE OF CHINA’S RISING POWER ACROSS THEASIAN LITTORAL." Strategic Studies Institute, US Army War College 1-37. Accessed 12 5, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep11277.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_search%252Fcontroland;refreqid=excelsior%3Aafd34f9f390c603b28196e690654cdab.&#13;
&#13;
Population Council. 2017. "Chinaand;#39;s "One Belt, One Road" Initiative: An ESCAP Report." Population and Development Review, 43 (3): pp. 583-587. . https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26622845.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_SYC-4946%252Fcontroland;refreqid=excelsior%3A20764a165ad90656cfbaf1a2b3f9d38f.&#13;
&#13;
Pratap, Singh Ameya. 2019. "What Shapes India’s View on the Quad?" The Diplomat, 11 28. Accessed 5 16, 2020. https://thediplomat.com/2019/11/what-shapes-indias-view-on-the-quad/.&#13;
&#13;
Rajat, Pandit. 2015. "India reclaims spice route to counter Chinaand;#39;s silk route." The Times of India, 11 25. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/India-reclaims-spice-route-to-counter-Chinas-silk-route/articleshow/49915610.cms.&#13;
&#13;
Roy, Denny. 2016. "THE SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTE." Columbia University Press 1-17. Accessed 6 12, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/10.7312/roy-15900.13.pdf.&#13;
&#13;
Scott, David. 2013. "Australiaand;#39;s embrace of the and;#39;Indo-Pacificand;#39;: new term, new region, new strategy?" International Relations of the Asia-Pacific (Oxford University Press) 13 (3): 425-448. Accessed 5 25, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26155995.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_SYC-5187%252Ftestand;refreqid=excelsior%3A0804c557a6ab2604ea55bf165d0843c0.&#13;
&#13;
Scott, David. 2019. "China’s Indo- Pacific Strategy: The Problems of Success." The Journal of Territorial and Maritime Studies 6 (2): 94-113. Accessed 6 3, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26912752?Search=yesand;resultItemClick=trueand;searchText=chinaand;searchText=policyand;searchText=towardand;searchText=Indo-Pacificand;searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dchina%2Bpolicy%2Btoward%2BIndo-Pacific%26amp%3Bacc%3Don%26amp%.&#13;
&#13;
Stavridis, James. 2019. "China seeks new islands to conquer." Bloomberg, 2 22. Accessed 6 12, 2020. https://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2019/02/22/commentary/china-seeks-new-islands-conquer/.&#13;
&#13;
The Economic Times. 2020. "US admiral says Indo-Pacific is standing up against China." 2 13. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/us-admiral-says-indo-pacific-is-standing-up-against-china/articleshow/74111966.cms.&#13;
&#13;
—. 2019. "US Defence Authorisation Act readies three strategies for Indo-Pacific region." 12 31. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/us-defence-authorisation-act-readies-three-strategies-for-indo-pacific-region/articleshow/73039383.cms.&#13;
&#13;
Vorndick, Wison. 2018. CHIN`S REACH HAS GROWN; SO SHOULD THE ISLAND CHINS. Wshington DC, 10 22. Accessed 6 17, 2020. https://amti.csis.org/chinas-reach-grown-island-chains.&#13;
&#13;
Yennie-Lindgren, Wrenn. 2019. "Old Sake, New Barrel?" National Views of the Free and Open Indo-Pacific 35-39. Accessed 5 25, 2020. https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/resrep21474.9.pdf?ab_segments=0%252Fbasic_SYC-5187%252Ftestand;refreqid=excelsior%3A033af0f9dc8409fdc4504fb78d12eb6a.&#13;
&#13;
You Ji, Y. 2018. India and; China At Sea Competition for Naval Dominance in the Indian Ocean. Edited by David Brewster. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.&#13;
&#13;
Zhen, Liu. 2019. "China builds rescue centre on artificial Spratly island in South China Sea." South China Moring Post, 1 30. https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/2184351/china-builds-rescue-centre-artificial-spratly-island-south.</References>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
</ArticleSet>