<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<ArticleSet>
<Article>
<Journal>
<PublisherName>ejsss</PublisherName>
<JournalTitle>ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND STRATEGIC STUDIES</JournalTitle>
<PISSN/>
<EISSN/>
<Volume-Issue>Volume 4 Issue 2</Volume-Issue>
<PartNumber/>
<IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
<IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
<Season>August-September 2023</Season>
<SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
<SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
<IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
<PubDate>
<Year>2023</Year>
<Month>09</Month>
<Day>30</Day>
</PubDate>
<ArticleType>International Relations</ArticleType>
<ArticleTitle>China- A strategic Economic Player in Africa</ArticleTitle>
<SubTitle/>
<ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
<ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
<FirstPage>141</FirstPage>
<LastPage>166</LastPage>
<AuthorList>
<Author>
<FirstName>Aditya</FirstName>
<LastName>Mohan</LastName>
<AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
<Affiliation/>
<CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
<ORCID/>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<DOI>10.47362/EJSSS.2023.4205</DOI>
<Abstract>Africa possesses substantial economic potential, boasting significant reserves of global oil (12%) and mineral wealth (over 30%). However, it grapples with various impediments for development encompassing deficient education, healthcare, infrastructure, and governance. The traditional approach of relying on the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has been hindered by complicated political dynamics and high levels of corruption. This has led to African countries increasingly seeking financial and investment support from China, especially through BRI and FOCAC initiatives. This paper advocates for a nuanced strategy, where African nations synergistically blend intergovernmental aid and Chinese investments to catalyze sustainable growth and facilitate human development. China__ampersandsign#39;s particular proficiency in infrastructure development aptly aligns with Africa__ampersandsign#39;s imperative requirements, which encompass job creation and the diversification of economic prospects. However, it is vital to exercise discernment and acknowledge that while China__ampersandsign#39;s investments have played a pivotal role in Africa__ampersandsign#39;s development trajectory, they are not a universal panacea. The bedrock of sustainable development rests upon the pillars of education, infrastructure, and proficient governance. To encapsulate, the symbiotic partnership between Africa and China harbors substantial potential. Nevertheless, this partnership should be a constituent element of a comprehensive strategy that underscores the primacy of sustainable development, economic expansion, and responsible governance. Effective collaboration between African governments and international counterparts assumes paramount importance in unlocking Africa__ampersandsign#39;s latent prowess on the global stage. Through a proactive embrace of their developmental strategy, African nations can pave the way for a brighter future and emerge as pivotal global actors.</Abstract>
<AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
<Keywords>Development,Investment,Aid,Trade,Debt,Governance,China-Africa Relations</Keywords>
<URLs>
<Abstract>https://ejsss.net.in/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=14843&title=China- A strategic Economic Player in Africa</Abstract>
</URLs>
<References>
<ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
<ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
<ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
<References>UNEP. (n.d.). Our work in Africa. Retrieved from United Nations Environment Programme: https://www.unep.org/regions/africa/our-work-africa
Gyimah-Brempong, K. (2002). Corruption, economic growth, and income inequality in Africa. Economics of Governance, 3(3), 183-209.
Chakraborti, L., Lijane, L., Ndulu, B., Ramachandran, V., and; Wolgin, J. (2010). Challenges of African growth : opportunities, constraints, and strategic directions. World Bank Group . Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group.
Dalyop, G. T. (2018). Political instability and economic growth in Africa. International Journal of Economic Policy Studies, 13, 217–257.
World Bank. (2022, December 6). Debt-Service Payments Put Biggest Squeeze on Poor Countries Since 2000. Retrieved from The World Bank: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2022/12/06/debt-service-payments-put-biggest-squeeze-on-poor-countries-since-2000
Were, A. (2018, August ). Debt Trap? Chinese loans and Africand;#39;s development options. Johannesburg: South African Institute of International Affairs. Retrieved from South African Institute of International Affairs : https://saiia.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Policy-Insights-66.pdf
Ghanem, H. (2018, September 6). Youth Key to Strengthening Africaand;#39;s Future. Retrieved from The World Bank: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/opinion/2018/09/06/youth-key-to-strengthening-africas-future
Raleigh, C. (2016). Pragmatic and Promiscuous: Explaining the Rise of Competitive Political Militias across Africa. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 60(2), 283–310.
Birkett , D., and; Sejko, D. (2022, February 8). Challenging UN Security Council- and International Criminal Court-Requested Asset Freezes in Domestic Courts: Views from the United Kingdom and Italy. Israel Law Review, 55(2), 107 - 126.
United Nations. (2021, September 15). UN sends Gabon peacekeepers home from Central African Republic, following abuse allegations. Retrieved from UN News: https://news.un.org/en/story/2021/09/1100032
Halper, S. (2010). The Beijing Consensus. New York: Basic Books.
Textor, C. (2021, August). Average annual wages in China from 2010 to 2020 (in yuan). Retrieved from Statista: https://www.statista.com/statistics/743522/china-average-yearly-wages/
Calabrese, L., and; Tang, X. (2020). Africa’s economic transformation: the role of Chinese investment. DFID-ESRC Growth Research Programme (DEGRP).
Zeng, D. (2015). Global Experiences with Special Economic Zones: Focus on China and Africa. World Bank Group.
Cotterill, J. (2023, February 13). Zambian finance minister criticises creditor delays in debt restructuring. Retrieved from Financial Times: https://www.ft.com/content/b136a36b-5822-4647-8efe-67fc18b00ea3
Morris, S., Parks, B., and; Gardner, A. (2020). Chinese and World Bank Lending Terms: A Systematic Comparison Across 157 Countries and 15 Years. Washington DC: Center for Global Development. Retrieved from Center for Global Development: https://www.cgdev.org/sites/default/files/chinese-and-world-bank-lending-terms-systematic-comparison.pdf
Johns Hopkins SAIS. (n.d.). Global Debt Relief Dashboard. Retrieved from China Africa Research Initiative : http://www.sais-cari.org/debt-relief
Gilpin, S. I. (2021). China, Africa and the International Aid System: A Challenge to (the Norms Underpinning) the Neoliberal World Order? Journal of Asian and African Studies, 0(0), 1-21.
Diop, M. (2015, January 13). Lessons for Africa from China’s Growth. Beijing : World Bank .
CEIC . (n.d.). China Foreign Direct Investment: Capital Utilized: by Country. Retrieved from CEIC data: https://www.ceicdata.com/en/china/foreign-direct-investment-capital-utilized-by-country?page=2
BEA. (n.d.). BEA International Trade and Investment Country Facts. Retrieved from Bureau of Economic Analysis: https://apps.bea.gov/international/factsheet/
World Bank. (n.d.). World Development Indicators. Retrieved from World Bank DataBank: https://databank.worldbank.org/Human-development-index/id/363d401b
U.S. DoS . (n.d.). 2020 Investment Climate Statements: Libya. Retrieved from U.S. Department of State : https://www.state.gov/reports/2020-investment-climate-statements/libya/
Junbo , J., and; Me?ndez, A. (2015). Change and Continuity in Chinese Foreign Policy: China’s Engagement in the Libyan Civil War as a Case Study. London School of Economics , Global South Unit. London: LSE GLOBAL SOUTH UNIT.
Alves, A. C. (2017). China and Gabon: A Growing Resource Partnership. Johannesburg: The South African Institute of International Affairs.
Institute of Developing Economies Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO). (n.d.). China in Africa. Retrieved from Institute of Developing Economies : https://www.ide.go.jp/English/Data/Africa_file/Manualreport/cia_10.html
UNOCHA. (n.d.). Humanitarian aid contributions. Retrieved from Financial Tracking Services- UNOCHA: https://fts.unocha.org
World Bank . (n.d.). Net official development assistance received (current US$) . Retrieved from World Bank : https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/DT.ODA.ODAT.CD?end=2004and;locations=LY-GA-BW-ZM-MZ-CD-UG-CMand;start=2004and;view=bar
Transparency International . (n.d.). Corruption Perceptions Index . Retrieved from Transparency International : https://www.transparency.org/en/cpi/2020
World Bank. (n.d.). World Governance Indicators Table . Retrieved from World Bank Database : https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?Report_Name=WGI-Tableand;Id=ceea4d8b
World Bank . (n.d.). International Debt Statistics. Retrieved from World Bank DataBank: https://databank.worldbank.org/source/international-debt-statistics
Hydro Review . (n.d.). Zambia commissions first unit of 750-MW Kafue Gorge Lower hydropower station. Retrieved from Hydro Review : https://www.hydroreview.com/hydro-industry-news/new-development/zambia-commissions-first-unit-of-750-mw-kafue-gorge-lower-hydropower-station/
Government of Uganda. (n.d.). Kampala-Entebbe Expressway. Retrieved from Ministry of Works and Transport- Uganda : https://www.works.go.ug/index.php/component/k2/item/25-kampala-entebbe-expressway
China State Construction Overseas Development So. Ltd. . (n.d.). Performance . Retrieved from CSCECOS: https://www.cscecos.com/page.aspx?node=63
Hydro Review. (n.d.). Gabon’s 160-MW Grand Poubara hydroelectric plant enters full operation. Retrieved from Hydro Review : https://www.hydroreview.com/world-regions/africa/gabon-s-160-mw-grand-poubara-enters-full-operation/
Aid Data . (n.d.). Project ID: 40. Retrieved from China Aid Data: https://china.aiddata.org/projects/40/
Government of China. (n.d.). Kribi Deepwater Port Helps Cameroon Take Off. Retrieved from Ministry of Commerce- China: http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/beltandroad/cm/enindex.shtml
OEC. (n.d.). Trade Data. Retrieved from Observatory of Economic Complexity : https://oec.world/en
Richter, F. (2021, May 4). China Is the Worldand;#39;s Manufacturing Superpower. Retrieved from Statista: https://www.statista.com/chart/20858/top-10-countries-by-share-of-global-manufacturing-output/
China Daily . (2021, August 12). Chinese-built hydropower station in Zambia turns on 1st generator. Retrieved from China Daily : https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202108/12/WS61149015a310efa1bd6685db.html
United Nations. (2022). UN Country Team in Libya: 2021 Annual Results Report. UNCT Libya . Retrieved from UN.
World Bank. (2018, September 6). Youth Key to Strengthening Africaand;#39;s Future. Retrieved from The World Bank : https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/opinion/2018/09/06/youth-key-to-strengthening-africas-future
The Global Economy . (n.d.). Human development - Country rankings. Retrieved from The Global Economy : https://www.theglobaleconomy.com/rankings/human_development/
World Bank. (n.d.). GDP (current US$) - Congo, Dem. Rep., Zambia, Mozambique, Uganda, Libya, Gabon, Botswana, Cameroon. Retrieved from World Bank Data: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?end=2020and;locations=CD-ZM-MZ-UG-LY-GA-BW-CMand;start=2014
Beseka, M. (2019, March). The Dragon in the River of Shrimp: The Reality and Perception of Chinese Investment in Cameroon. Retrieved from The Yale Review of International Studies: http://yris.yira.org/comments/3012
Gu, X., Dinkelbach , C., Heidbrink, C., Huang, Y., Ke, X., Mayer, M., and; Ohnesorge, H. W. (2022, June). Chinaand;#39;s Engagement in Africa: Activities, Effects and Trends. Retrieved from University of Bonn: https://www.cgs-bonn.de/cms/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/CGS-China_Africa_Study-2022.pdf
Jansson, J. (2009). Patterns of Chinese Investment, Aid and Trade in Central Africa (Cameroon, the DRC and Gabon). University of Stellenbosch, Centre for Chinese Studies. Stellenbosch: University of Stellenbosch.</References>
</References>
</Journal>
</Article>
</ArticleSet>