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<JournalTitle>ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND STRATEGIC STUDIES</JournalTitle>
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<Volume-Issue>Volume 6 Issue 1</Volume-Issue>
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<IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
<IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
<Season>Apr-May 2025</Season>
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<Year>2025</Year>
<Month>05</Month>
<Day>31</Day>
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<ArticleType>Security Studies</ArticleType>
<ArticleTitle>Narco-Terrorism: Khalistani Crime Syndicates</ArticleTitle>
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<ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
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<FirstPage>46</FirstPage>
<LastPage>72</LastPage>
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<Author>
<FirstName>Shinder</FirstName>
<LastName>Purewal</LastName>
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<DOI>10.47362/EJSSS.2025.6103 </DOI>
<Abstract>Khalistani illicit networks’ use of brutal violence to defend their territory of drug smuggling using terrorist means highlights their actual identity as crime syndicates. Drugs, extortion, ransom, murder, kidnapping, money laundering, and human smuggling are among their activities. In order to make enormous profits, they also battled for control of professional sports and the entertainment sector. They have grown their criminal networks in Punjab and the Sikh Diaspora worldwide starting with drug-weapon smuggling during the Cold War. In the same way that drug smuggling gangs in Latin America use evangelical Christianity to hide their wicked operation, Khalistani criminal networks are embracing Sikhism. As a result, these criminal networks were able to build strong lobbying in the West by obtaining political support through illicit financial flows. It also gave Western governments the opportunity to play the “Sikh Card” to influence India’s foreign policy of strategic autonomy.</Abstract>
<AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
<Keywords>Sikh,Khalistan,Narco-Terrorism,Pakistan,Narcotics,Punjab,Canada</Keywords>
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<Abstract>https://ejsss.net.in/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=15747&title=Narco-Terrorism: Khalistani Crime Syndicates</Abstract>
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