<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.2d1 20170631//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<ArticleSet>
<Article>
<Journal>
<PublisherName>ejsss</PublisherName>
<JournalTitle>ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND STRATEGIC STUDIES</JournalTitle>
<PISSN/>
<EISSN/>
<Volume-Issue>Volume 7 Issue 1</Volume-Issue>
<PartNumber/>
<IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
<IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
<Season>Apr-May 2026</Season>
<SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
<SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
<IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
<PubDate>
<Year>-0001</Year>
<Month>11</Month>
<Day>30</Day>
</PubDate>
<ArticleType>Strategic Studies</ArticleType>
<ArticleTitle>From Strategic Defence to Pre-emptive Strikes Shifting India__ampersandsignrsquo;s Airpower Strategy Post Operation Sindoor</ArticleTitle>
<SubTitle/>
<ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
<ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
<FirstPage>19</FirstPage>
<LastPage>43</LastPage>
<AuthorList>
<Author>
<FirstName>Dr T. K.</FirstName>
<LastName>Singh</LastName>
<AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
<Affiliation/>
<CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
<ORCID/>
<FirstName>Dr Kishor</FirstName>
<LastName>Jose</LastName>
<AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
<Affiliation/>
<CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
<ORCID/>
<FirstName>Sunaina</FirstName>
<LastName>S</LastName>
<AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
<Affiliation/>
<CorrespondingAuthor>Y</CorrespondingAuthor>
<ORCID/>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<DOI>10.47362/EJSSS.2026.7102</DOI>
<Abstract>The security nexus has been vulnerable to transitional polarity and shifting geopolitical interests. Modern battlefields are more complex in the absence of a clear distinction between war and peace. This has expanded the employment spectrum of modern militaries, and air power has emerged as a sine qua non of modern warfare. India__ampersandsignrsquo;s Operation Sindoor was not only a strategic response to terrorism but also marked a transformation in India__ampersandsignrsquo;s anti-terrorism policy. It has redefined its means to tackle the menace and its methods to maintain a deterrence posture. The paper uses a qualitative case study approach to analyse Op Sindoor, doctrinal evolution, indigenous technological developments and adaptations, and the response of the global community. The purpose of this study is to discuss the factors that have caused India__ampersandsign#39;s strategic stance in counterterrorism operations to change, including the use of the air force. It also examines the doctrines of the Indian Air Force during the year, as well as counterterrorism and airstrikes. The operation demonstrated a shift by calibrated strikes beyond international borders in an assertive and non-escalatory manner. The employment of India__ampersandsignrsquo;s integrated air power was a critical factor given its strategic leverage. The operation was successful due to the integrated multi-domain strategy of the armed forces and intelligence agencies. Additionally, India reiterated its zero-tolerance policy for terrorism and maintained strategic rationality with the international community. The operation demonstrated how India__ampersandsign#39;s strategy for upcoming operations will integrate all state resources in collaboration to produce significant and sustainable results.</Abstract>
<AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
<Keywords>Op Sindoor, pre-emptive strikes, non-escalation, counter-terrorism, doctrinal evolution, multi-domain operations</Keywords>
<URLs>
<Abstract>https://ejsss.net.in/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=16262&title=From Strategic Defence to Pre-emptive Strikes Shifting India__ampersandsignrsquo;s Airpower Strategy Post Operation Sindoor</Abstract>
</URLs>
<References>
<ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
<ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
<ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
<References>Analyzing the Pahalgam Terror Attack 2025and;mdash;Compliance Blogging. (2025, April 25). https://www.csannusharma.com/analyzing-the-pahalgam-terror-attack-2025/
ANI. (2025, April 29). and;ldquo;Pahalgam attack worst since 26/11,and;rdquo; says Indiaand;rsquo;s Deputy Permanent Representative to UN. BusinessLine. https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/pahalgam-attack-worst-since-2611-says-indias-deputy-permanent-representative-to-un/article69503884.ece
Annaul Report. (2025). Annual Reports. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. https://carnegieendowment.org/annual-reports
Atkins, F. (2018). Multidomain observing and orienting: ISR to meet the emerging battlespace. Air and; Space Power Journal, 32(3), 4and;ndash;18. Air University. https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/Portals/10/ASPJ/journals/Volume-32_Issue-3/F-Atkins.pdf
Bairagi, S. (2025). Cross-Border Terrorism and the India-Pakistan Security Dilemma. 12(6).
Bhat, V. (2025, June 13). Op Sindoor: IAF Achieved its Aim and Validated Weapon Systems. CAPSS India. https://capssindia.org/op-sindoor-iaf-achieved-its-aim-and-validated-weapon-systems/
Carnegie (n.d).2025_AnnualReport_final-1.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved 12 March 2026, from https://assets.production.carnegie.fusionary.io/files/2025_AnnualReport_final-1.pdf
Chopra, A. (2025, August 10). Op Sindoor: Indigenous Systems Gave India the Edge and;ndash; More Needs to Be Done. Air Power Asia. https://airpowerasia.com/2025/08/10/op-sindoor-indigenous-systems-gave-india-the-edge-more-needs-to-be/
Correspondent, H. T. (2016, September 29). Indiaand;rsquo;s surgical strikes across LoC: Full statement by DGMO Lt Gen Ranbir Singh. Hindustan Times. https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-surgical-strikes-across-loc-full-statement-by-dgmo-lt-gen-ranbir-singh/story-Q5yrp0gjvxKPGazDzAnVsM.html
Desk, I. T. N. (2025, July 2). Op Sindoor delegations conveyed national unity message: Jaishankar to Quad leaders. India Today. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/op-sindoor-delegations-conveyed-a-message-of-national-unity-s-jaishankar-told-quad-leaders-2749763-2025-07-02
Desk, I. T. W. (2025, May 26). Shehbaz Sharif thanks and;lsquo;dear brotherand;rsquo; Erdogan for backing Pak against India. India Today. https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/shehbaz-sharif-thanks-dear-brother-erdogan-for-backing-pak-against-india-glbs-2730441-2025-05-26
Doc202558551901.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 March 2026, from https://static.pib.gov.in/WriteReadData/specificdocs/documents/2025/may/doc202558551901.pdf
Esclated Rivalry in Cyberspace. (2025, November 26). Operation Sindoor and India-Pakistanand;rsquo;s Escalated Rivalry in Cyberspace. https://www.rusi.orghttps://www.rusi.org
FINAL-TPCR-2025_0.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 November 2025, from https://mod.gov.in/dod/sites/default/files/FINAL-TPCR-2025_0.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com
FOUNDATION, O. R. (n.d.-a). In the Aftermath of Operation Sindoor: Escalation, Deterrence, and India-Pakistan Strategic Stability. Orfonline.Org. Retrieved 11 November 2025, from https://www.orfonline.org/research/in-the-aftermath-of-operation-sindoor-escalation-deterrence-and-india-pakistan-strategic-stability
FOUNDATION, O. R. (n.d.-b). Operation Sindoor and the Evolution of Indiaand;rsquo;s Counter-Terrorism Strategy. Orfonline.Org. Retrieved 13 October 2025, from https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/operation-sindoor-and-the-evolution-of-india-s-counter-terrorism-strategy
From Strategic Restraint. (2025). Operation Sindoor: From strategic restraint to sovereign retaliation | DD News. https://ddnews.gov.in/en/operation-sindoor-from-strategic-restraint-to-sovereign-retaliation/
Game-Changer. (2025). Operation Sindoor: How jointness was the game-changerand;mdash;India Today. https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/operation-sindoor-how-jointness-was-the-game-changer-2730775-2025-05-26
Global Solidarity with India: A United Front Against Cross-Border Terrorism. (2025). https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2128747
Government Debunks Pakistani Propaganda Against India and Armed Forces via Official Fact-Check Unit. (n.d.). Retrieved 6 November 2025, from https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2150213
Government of India. (2025). Operation SINDOOR: The Rise of Aatmanirbhar Innovation in National Security. https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2128746
Gupta. (2024). Preparing for a two-front conflict: The role of the Indian Navy and the Indian Air Force: Comparative Strategy: Vol 43 , No 2and;mdash;Get Access. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01495933.2024.2317254
Gurmeet Kanwal. (2010). Indiaand;rsquo;s Cold Start Doctrine and Strategic Stability. MP-IDSA. https://idsa.in/publisher/comments/indias-cold-start-doctrine-and-strategic-stability
IND_Doctrine_Air_Force_832d5b6c62.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved 26 December 2025, from https://cms.spacesecurityportal.org/uploads/IND_Doctrine_Air_Force_832d5b6c62.pdf
India Names China. (2025). First time, India names China as supplier of missiles used by Pak, shows remnants | India Newsand;mdash;The Indian Express. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/first-time-india-names-china-as-supplier-of-missiles-used-by-pak-shows-remnants-9999365/
India second-largest arms importer after Ukraine, reliance on Russia declines, says SIPRI report. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 March 2026, from https://theprint.in/defence/india-second-largest-arms-importer-after-ukraine-reliance-on-russia-declines-says-sipri-report/2541373/
India Today. (2025). Post-Operation Sindoor, why Pakistanand;rsquo;s air defence hype stands crushedand;mdash;India Today. https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/post-operation-sindoor-why-pakistans-air-defence-hype-stands-crushed-2791424-2025-09-22
Indiaand;rsquo;s new normal 2025. (2025). Indiaand;rsquo;s and;lsquo;new normaland;rsquo;: 3 doctrines mentioned by PM Modi in first speech on Operation Sindoor | India Newsand;mdash;The Indian Express. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/pm-modi-speech-operation-sindoor-india-new-normal-3-doctrines-9998594/
Indiaand;rsquo;s Strategic Clarity. (2025). Operation SINDOOR: Indiaand;rsquo;s Strategic Clarity and Calculated Force. https://www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2128748and;reg;=3and;lang=2
Jointness is survival, and it needs mindset change: Rajnath Singhand;mdash;The Economic Times. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 March 2026, from https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/jointness-is-survival-and-it-needs-mindset-change-rajnath-singh/articleshow/124242624.cms
Kangle, R. P. (1972). The kautiliya arthasastra. University of Bombay, Bombay. http://archive.org/details/dli.csl.8820
Kashyap, O. R. (2025). Operation Sindoor and the Evolution of Indiaand;rsquo;s Counter-Terrorism Strategy. Orfonline.Org. https://www.orfonline.org/expert-speak/operation-sindoor-and-the-evolution-of-india-s-counter-terrorism-strategy
Kumar (Retd), L. G. P. (2025, October 17). Operation Sindoor: Redefining Indiaand;rsquo;s Deterrence and the Nuclear Threshold. Bharat Shakti. https://bharatshakti.in/operation-sindoor-redefining-indias-deterrence-and-the-nuclear-threshold/
Kumar, V. (2025, July 2). Op Sindoor delegations conveyed national unity message: Jaishankar to Quad leaders. India Today. https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/op-sindoor-delegations-conveyed-a-message-of-national-unity-s-jaishankar-told-quad-leaders-2749763-2025-07-02
Mastering existing tech and; staying ready for new innovations and; unforeseen challenges is key to effectively tackle complexities of modern-day warfare: Raksha Mantri at RAN SAMWAD. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 March 2026, from https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2161131
MEA. (2009). MEA | Visits | Outgoing Visit | Visit Detail. Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. https://mea.gov.in/outoging-visit-detail.htm?4702/Prime+Ministers+Press+Conference+in+Washington=and;utm_source=copilot.com
Menon, S. (n.d.). INDIAand;rsquo;S NATIONAL SECURITY: CHALLENGES AND ISSUES.
MHA. (2025). Union Home Minister and Minister of Cooperation Shri Amit Shah participates in the special discussion in the Lok Sabha today on Indiaand;rsquo;s strong, successful, and decisive response to the Pahalgam terrorist attack through and;lsquo;Operation Sindoorand;rsquo;. https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2149811
MOD. (2025a). Make in India Powers Defence Growth. https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2116612
MOD. (2025b). Operation Sindoor demonstrated Tri-Services synergy with unified real-time operational picture, enabling timely decisions, enhancing situational awareness and; reducing the risk of fratricide; True example of Jointness: Raksha Mantri. https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2173013
MOD 2025. (n.d.). A record over Rs 6.81 lakh crore allocated in Union Budget 2025-26 for MoD, an increase of 9.53% from current Financial Year. Retrieved 12 March 2026, from https://www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2098485and;reg;=3and;lang=2
Mukherjee, A. (2011). Facing Future Challenges: Defence Reform in India. The RUSI Journal, 156(5), 30and;ndash;37. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071847.2011.626272
Offensive Air Action. (2025). Operation Sindoor restored rightful place of offensive air action in national consciousness: IAF chief | India Newsand;mdash;The Indian Express. https://indianexpress.com/article/india/operation-sindoor-93rd-air-force-day-ap-singh-hindon-airbase-10295421/
Op Sindoor: Indigenous Systems Gave India the Edge and;ndash; More Needs to Be Done and;ndash; Air Power Asia. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 March 2026, from https://airpowerasia.com/2025/08/10/op-sindoor-indigenous-systems-gave-india-the-edge-more-needs-to-be/
Operation SINDOOR. (2025). Operation SINDOOR: The Rise of Aatmanirbhar Innovation in National Security. https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2128746
Operation Sindoor and India-Pakistanand;rsquo;s Escalated Rivalry in Cyberspace | Royal United Services Institute. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 March 2026, from https://www.rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentary/operation-sindoor-and-india-pakistans-escalated-rivalry-cyberspace
Operation Sindoor delegations conveyed national unity message: Jaishankar to Quad leadersand;mdash;India Today. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 March 2026, from https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/op-sindoor-delegations-conveyed-a-message-of-national-unity-s-jaishankar-told-quad-leaders-2749763-2025-07-02
Operation SINDOOR: Forging One Force. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 March 2026, from https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2129453
Operation Sindoor: Get Latest News, Photos and Videos along with latest updates on Operation Sindoor | Hindustan Times. (n.d.). Retrieved 3 February 2026, from https://www.hindustantimes.com/topic/operation-sindoor
OPERATION SINDOOR: INDIAN ARMED FORCES CARRIED OUT PRECISION STRIKE AT TERRORIST CAMPS. (n.d.). Retrieved 13 October 2025, from https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2127370
Operation Sindoor: Showcasing of IAFand;rsquo;s strength, capability, and self-relianceand;mdash;India Strategic. (n.d.-a). Retrieved 11 March 2026, from https://www.indiastrategic.in/operation-sindoor-showcasing-of-iafs-strength-capability-and-self-reliance/
Operation Sindoor: Showcasing of IAFand;rsquo;s strength, capability, and self-relianceand;mdash;India Strategic. (n.d.-b). Retrieved 12 March 2026, from https://www.indiastrategic.in/operation-sindoor-showcasing-of-iafs-strength-capability-and-self-reliance/
Operation_Sindoor_Secondary_Stage.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved 3 February 2026, from https://ncert.nic.in/pdf/module/Operation_Sindoor/Operation_Sindoor_Secondary_Stage.pdf
Pahalgam attack worst since 26/11. (2025). and;lsquo;Pahalgam attack worst since 26/11,and;rsquo; says Indiaand;rsquo;s Deputy Permananent Representative to the UN. ANI News. https://www.aninews.in/news/world/us/pahalgam-attack-worst-since-2611-says-indias-deputy-permananent-representative-to-the-un20250429093456/
Pandey. (2025a, May 18). Operation Sindoor: Showcasing of IAFand;rsquo;s strength, capability, and self-reliance. India Strategic. https://www.indiastrategic.in/operation-sindoor-showcasing-of-iafs-strength-capability-and-self-reliance/
Pandey, D. (2025b, May 23). IACCS: Proves Mettle of IAFand;rsquo;s Network Centric Operations. CAPSS India. https://capssindia.org/iaccs-proves-mettle-of-iafs-network-centric-operations/
Pardesi, M. S. (2025). Is India a great power? Understanding great power status in contemporary international relations. United Service Institution of India Journal, 155(3), 17and;ndash;28. https://usiofindia.org/pdf/USI%20Journal%20-%20July-Sept%202025%20Issue-17-28.pdf
Patil, S. (2025a). Operation Sindoor and Indiaand;rsquo;s Cyber Threat Landscape. Orfonline.Org. https://www.orfonline.org/english/expert-speak/operation-sindoor-and-india-s-cyber-threat-landscape
Patil, S. (2025b). Operation Sindoor: Indiaand;rsquo;s Military Doctrine of Offensive Defence. https://www.orfonline.org/english/expert-speak/operation-sindoor-and-india-s-cyber-threat-landscape
Philip, S. A. (2025, July 4). and;lsquo;1 border, 3 adversariesand;rsquo;: Army Deputy Chief on Op Sindoor, says Pakistan got live inputs from China. ThePrint. https://theprint.in/defence/1-border-3-adversaries-army-deputy-chief-on-op-sindoor-says-pakistan-got-live-inputs-from-china/2679483/
PIB. (2025a). Defence Atmanirbharta: Record Production and Exports. https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2191937
PIB. (2025b). Highlights from the PMand;rsquo;s address on the 79th Independence Day. https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/highlights-from-the-pms-address-on-the-79th-independence-day/
PIB. (2025c). Operation SINDOOR: Forging One Force. https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2129453
PIB. (2025d). OPERATION SINDOOR: INDIAN ARMED FORCES CARRIED OUT PRECISION STRIKE AT TERRORIST CAMPS. https://www.pib.gov.in/www.pib.gov.in/Pressreleaseshare.aspx?PRID=2127370
PIB. (2025e). PIB Headquarters. http://www.pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?NoteId=154455
PIB. (2025f). PM Modi has redefined Indiaand;rsquo;s policy against terrorism, any attack on Indian soil will be considered as an act of war: Raksha Mantri in Srinagar. http://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=2128840and;utm_source=chatgpt.com
PIB. (2025g). Transcript of Special briefing on OPERATION SINDOOR (May 08, 2025). Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. https://mea.gov.in/media-briefings.htm?dtl/39479/Transcript_of_Special_briefing_on_OPERATION_SINDOOR_May_08_2025
PIB Headquarters. (n.d.). Retrieved 24 December 2025, from http://pib.gov.in/PressNoteDetails.aspx?NoteId=154448
PM Modi Address To Nation. (2025). PM Modi Address To Nation, Operation Sindorr, India Pakistan Tensionand;mdash;"Not An Era Of War, But Also Not Era Of Terror": Prime Minister Narendra Modi. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/not-an-era-of-war-but-also-not-era-of-terror-pm-modi-8396508?utm_source=chatgpt.com
Precision, technology and deopth. (2025). Precision, technology, and depth: What makes and;lsquo;Operation Sindoorand;rsquo; different | DD News. https://ddnews.gov.in/en/precision-technology-and-depth-what-makes-operation-sindoor-different/
Press Release:Press Information Bureau. (n.d.-a). Retrieved 11 March 2026, from https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2129254and;reg;=3and;lang=2
Press Release:Press Information Bureau. (n.d.-b). Retrieved 11 March 2026, from https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2161131and;reg;=3and;lang=2
Press Release:Press Information Bureau. (n.d.-c). Retrieved 11 March 2026, from https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2128746and;reg;=3and;lang=2
Press Release:Press Information Bureau. (n.d.-d). Retrieved 12 March 2026, from https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2149811and;reg;=3and;lang=2
Press Statement by DGMO. (2025). Press Statement by DGMO. https://www.pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=151242
Pubby, M. (2025, October 1). Jointness is survival, and it needs mindset change: Rajnath Singh. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/jointness-is-survival-and-it-needs-mindset-change-rajnath-singh/articleshow/124242624.cms?from=mdrand;utm_source=chatgpt.com
Ranjan. (2025, June 4). CUAS and Air Defence Triumph in Operation Sindoor. CAPSS India. https://capssindia.org/cuas-and-air-defence-triumph-in-operation-sindoor/
Rknarang-rotor-india-magazine.pdf. (n.d.). Retrieved 13 October 2025, from https://idsa.in/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/rknarang-rotor-india-magazine.pdf
Sagar, P. R. (2025, September 22). Post-Operation Sindoor, why Pakistanand;rsquo;s air defence hype stands crushed. India Today. https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/post-operation-sindoor-why-pakistans-air-defence-hype-stands-crushed-2791424-2025-09-22
Sharma, L., and; Bappanad, K. (n.d.). Dissecting the Cyber Aspect of Operation Sindoor.
Shinghal, L. G. V. (2025, May 26). Operation Sindoor: How jointness was the game-changer. India Today. https://www.indiatoday.in/india-today-insight/story/operation-sindoor-how-jointness-was-the-game-changer-2730775-2025-05-26
sindoor, n. Meanings, etymology and more | Oxford English Dictionary. (n.d.). Retrieved 3 February 2026, from https://www.oed.com/dictionary/sindoor_n
Snyder, G. H. (2002). Mearsheimerand;rsquo;s World-Offensive Realism and the Struggle for Security: A Review Essay. International Security, 27(1), 149and;ndash;173. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3092155
Statement by Foreign Secretary. (2025). Statement by Foreign Secretary on 26 February 2019 on the Strike on JeM training camp at Balakot. Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India. https://mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/31089/Statement_by_Foreign_Secretary_on_26_February_2019_on_the_Strike_on_JeM_training_camp_at_Balakot=
Surge in cyber attack. (2025). Surge in cyber attacks, Maharashtra cyber department warns to stay vigilantand;mdash;The Hindu. https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/maharashtra/surge-in-cyber-attacks-maharashtra-cyber-department-warns-to-stay-vigilant/article69560739.ece
Surgical strikes: Full text of Indian Army DGMO Lt Gen Ranbir Singhand;rsquo;s press conference | India Newsand;mdash;The Indian Express. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 March 2026, from https://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/pakistan-infiltration-attempts-indian-army-surgical-strikes-line-of-control-jammu-and-kashmir-uri-poonch-pok-3055874/
Technology Approach and Capability Roadmap. (2025). Technology Approach and Capability Roadmap (TPCR)-2025 | Department Of Defence. https://mod.gov.in/dod/index.php/hi/node/92702
Tharoor. (2025). Opinion | Operation Sindoor: What Can India Expect From The Worldand;rsquo;s Reactions? Www.Ndtv.Com. https://www.ndtv.com/opinion/what-the-world-thinks-of-indias-operation-sindoor-against-pak-by-shashi-tharoor-8353725
The Economic Times. (2025, March 5). Operation Sindoor vs 2019 Balakot airstrikes vs 2016 surgical strikes: How Indiaand;rsquo;s latest attack marks a strategic shift. The Economic Times. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/new-updates/operation-sindoor-vs-2019-balakot-airstrikes-vs-2016-surgical-strikes-how-indias-latest-strike-marks-a-strategic-shift/articleshow/120956655.cms
Times of India. (2025, May 14). Operation Sindoor: Govt digital infrastructure faced 75% of cyber attacks. The Times of India. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/operation-sindoor-as-pak-drones-took-to-skies-hackers-attacked-india-via-cloud/articleshow/121146853.cms
Tri-services integration not only matter of policy but crucial for survival: Rajnath Singhand;mdash;The Economic Times. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 March 2026, from https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/tri-services-integration-not-only-matter-of-policy-but-crucial-for-survival-rajnath-singh/articleshow/124232019.cms
Vohra, A. (2025). Operation Sindoor: Indiaand;rsquo;s Atmanirbharta Success Story.</References>
</References>
</Journal>
</Article>
</ArticleSet>