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  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>ejsss</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND STRATEGIC STUDIES</JournalTitle>
      <PISSN/>
      <EISSN/>
      <Volume-Issue>Volume 2, Special Issue 1</Volume-Issue>
      <PartNumber/>
      <IssueTopic>Multidisciplinary</IssueTopic>
      <IssueLanguage>English</IssueLanguage>
      <Season>February 2021</Season>
      <SpecialIssue>N</SpecialIssue>
      <SupplementaryIssue>N</SupplementaryIssue>
      <IssueOA>Y</IssueOA>
      <PubDate>
        <Year>2021</Year>
        <Month>02</Month>
        <Day>7</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <ArticleType>Security Studies</ArticleType>
      <ArticleTitle>Invisible Sword Arm: Unmanned Vehicles in Border Management</ArticleTitle>
      <SubTitle/>
      <ArticleLanguage>English</ArticleLanguage>
      <ArticleOA>Y</ArticleOA>
      <FirstPage>111</FirstPage>
      <LastPage>133</LastPage>
      <AuthorList>
        <Author>
          <FirstName>Group Captain AV Chandrasekaran</FirstName>
          <LastName>(Retd)</LastName>
          <AuthorLanguage>English</AuthorLanguage>
          <Affiliation/>
          <CorrespondingAuthor>N</CorrespondingAuthor>
          <ORCID/>
        </Author>
      </AuthorList>
      <DOI>10.47362/EJSSS.2021.2107</DOI>
      <Abstract>India’s vast border of over 15106 km and an equally daunting coastline of 7516 km is a logistical nightmare for an effective border control. The peculiarities of the border with Pakistan and an undemarcated border with China and a host of smaller nations like Bangladesh, Myanmar, Nepal and Bhutan all of which border India pose its own set of distinctive problems. To add to the difficulties in border management are four different guarding agencies each not answerable to the other. Apart from challenges in unified command and response mechanism, this also leads to one-upmanship. The absence of an integrated system has failed to provide a common operating picture to the guarding agencies. All the forces are manpower intensive and their inadequacy of technical resources renders India’s borders porous and vulnerable to inimical ingressions. The country continues facing threats through cross border terrorism, shifting border goal posts, illegal migration, drug and arms smuggling and induction of counterfeit currency. To obviate these and to ensure a robust first strike capability, this paper examines whether use of unmanned vehicles in aerial, ground and sea frontiers will provide a holistic capability to address threats emanating from India’s neighbourhood.</Abstract>
      <AbstractLanguage>English</AbstractLanguage>
      <Keywords>Land Border,India,Unmanned Systems,Integration,Technology,Central Forces,Command Structure,Security Threats.</Keywords>
      <URLs>
        <Abstract>https://ejsss.net.in/ubijournal-v1copy/journals/abstract.php?article_id=9316&amp;title=Invisible Sword Arm: Unmanned Vehicles in Border Management</Abstract>
      </URLs>
      <References>
        <ReferencesarticleTitle>References</ReferencesarticleTitle>
        <ReferencesfirstPage>16</ReferencesfirstPage>
        <ReferenceslastPage>19</ReferenceslastPage>
        <References/>
      </References>
    </Journal>
  </Article>
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